Basics, Turning

Chapter 9.1

Objectives

To know the forces during a turn in flight

To know the factors that influence the turning radius

To know the references that make it possible to keep the attitude in a turn

Banking when Flying in a Turn

Conditioned by banking, LIFT (a force that is defined as always perpendicular to the direction of flow) pulls the airplane in the desired direction.

The Turn Radius

The radius for a turn or a change of direction depends on the bank and the speed.

A greater bank or a lower speed gives a smaller radius than a small bank and a high speed.

Creating Additional Lift by Increasing the Angle of Attack

The additional lift required is created by a greater angle of attack relative to the flightpath. It is produced by pulling back on the elevator control as a function of the bank. If this maneuver is omitted, the airplane lowers the nose and starts to descend.

Effects of a Larger Angle of Attack

A turning flight, which requires a greater angle of attack to create a greater lift, also results in greater drag, and as a result the airspeed decreases.

Effects of increased angle of attack

A properly executed turn produces a greater load factor on the aircraft, which means a higher V stall

References for Maintaining the Attitude in a Turn

Apparent Horizon

References for Maintaining the Attitude in Turn

Effect of the Seat Arrangement

Questions

How will the additional lift in a turn with an inclination of up to 30° be produced?

• With an increase in the angle of attack, this means pulling back on the elevator control

What are the two factors that influence the radius of a turn?

• Geschwindigkeit
• Querlage

What is the most important visual reference for flying a turn?

• Apparent horizon